Google Earth
My house 93 Moo.4 Nongpho Subdistrict, Nongyasai District, Suphanburi Province.
Street View
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 15 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2556
Google map
Google map + street view
Travel form Suphanburi to Khao Yai National Park.
Map
street view in travel
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 29 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2556
Computer hardware
Computer hardware
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| PDP-11 CPU board |
Telephone
Telephone
A telephone , or phone , is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are not in the same vicinity of each other to be heard directly.A telephone converts sound , typically and most efficiently the human voice , into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media over long distances, and replays such signals simultaneously in audible form to its user.The word telephone has been adapted into the vocabulary of many languages.It is derived from the Greek : τῆλε , tēle , far and φωνή, phōnē , voice , together meaning distant voice.
The essential elements of a telephone are a microphone ( transmitter ) to speak into and an earphone ( receiver ) which reproduces the voice of the distant person.In addition, most telephones contain a ringer which produces a sound to announce an incoming telephone call, and a dial used to enter a telephone number when initiating a call to another telephone.Until approximately the 1970s most telephones used a rotary dial , which was superseded by the modern Touch-Tone push-button dial, first introduced by AT&T in 1963.The receiver and transmitter are usually built into a handset which is held up to the ear and mouth during conversation.The dial may be located either on the handset, or on a base unit to which the handset is connected by a cord containing wires.The transmitter converts the sound waves to electrical signals which are sent through the telephone network to the receiving phone.The receiving telephone converts the signals into audible sound in the receiver, or sometimes a loudspeaker.Telephones are a duplex communications medium, meaning they allow the people on both ends to talk simultaneously.
A landline telephone is connected by a pair of wires to the telephone network , while a mobile phone , such as a cellular phone, is portable and communicates with the telephone network by radio transmissions.A cordless telephone has a portable handset which communicates by radio transmission with the handset base station which is connected by wire to the telephone network.
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| Telephone from Swedish Ericsson 1001 model, from 1939 |
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| 1896 Telephone from Sweden |
วันพุธที่ 28 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2556
Software
Software
Computer software , or just software , is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program ) that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.The term is used to contrast with computer hardware , the physical objects ( processor and related devices) that carry out the instructions.Hardware and software require each other and neither has any value without the other.
Software is a general term.It can refer to all computer instructions in general, or to any specific set of computer instructions.It is inclusive of both machine instructions (the binary code that the processor understands) and source code (more human-understandable instructions that must be rendered into machine code by compilers or interpreters before being executed).
On most computer platforms, software can be grouped into a few broad categories:
- System software is the basic software needed for a computer to operate
- Application software is all the software that uses the computer system to perform useful work beyond the operation of the computer itself
- Embedded software resides as firmware within embedded systems , devices dedicated to a single use.In that context there is no clear distinction between the system and the application software.
Computer software is so called to distinguish it from computer hardware , which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software.At the lowest level, executable code consists of machine language instructions specific to an individual processor.A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state.Programs are an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer in a particular sequence.It is usually written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language ) than machine language.Software may also be written in an assembly language , essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet.Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler .
Types of software
Software includes all the various forms and roles that digitally stored data may have and play in a computer (or similar system), regardless of whether the data is used as code for a CPU, or other interpreter , or whether it represents other kinds of information.Software thus encompasses a wide array of products that may be developed using different techniques such as ordinary programming languages , microcode , or an FPGA configuration.The types of software include web pages developed in languages and frameworks like PHP , Perl , JSP or ASP.NET and desktop applications like OpenOffice.org , Microsoft Word developed in languages like C , C++ , Objective-C , Java , C# , or Smalltalk . Application software usually runs on an underlying software operating systems such as Linux or Microsoft Windows .Software (or firmware ) is also used in video games and for the configurable parts of the logic systems of automobiles , televisions , and other consumer electronics .
System software
System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to provide a platform for runningapplication software. System software includes device drivers, operating systems, servers, utilities, and window systems.
Programming software
Programming software include tools in the form of programs or applications that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise support other programs and applications. The term usually refers to relatively simple programs such as compilers, debuggers, interpreters, linkers, andtext editors, that can be combined together to accomplish a task, much as one might use multiple hand tools to fix a physical object. Programming tools are intended to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and they may be combined in an integrated development environment (IDE) to more easily manage all of these functions.
USB FLASH DRIVE
USB flash drive
A USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.USB flash drives are often used for the same purposes for which floppy disks or CD-ROMs were used, ie, for storage, back-up and transfer of computer files.They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity, and are more durable and reliable because they have no moving parts .Until about 2005, most desktop and laptop computers were supplied with floppy disk drives in addition to USB ports, but floppy disk drives have been abandoned due to their lower capacity compared to USB flash drives.A flash drive has no moving parts to be driven; therefore, it's not a true drive.The term drive persists because computers read and write flash drive data using the same system commands as for a mechanical disk drive , with the storage appearing to the computer operating system and user interface as just another drive.
A flash drive consists of a small printed circuit board carrying the circuit elements and a USB connector, insulated electrically and protected inside a plastic, metal, or rubberized case which can be carried in a pocket or on a key chain, for example.The USB connector may be protected by a removable cap or by retracting into the body of the drive, although it is not likely to be damaged if unprotected.Most flash drives use a standard type-A USB connection allowing connection with a port on a personal computer, but drives for other interfaces also exist.
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The basic components in a flash drive.
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วันอังคารที่ 27 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2556
FLASH MEMORY
FLASH MEMORY
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatilecomputer storage device that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.Flash memory was developed from EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory).There are two main types of flash memory, which are named after the NAND and NOR logic gates.The internal characteristics of the individual flash memory cells exhibit characteristics similar to those of the corresponding gates.Whereas EPROMs had to be completely erased before being rewritten, NAND type flash memory may be written and read in blocks (or pages) which are generally much smaller than the entire device.The NOR type allows a single machine word (byte) to be written or read independently.The NAND type is primarily used in main memory , memory cards , USB flash drives , solid-state drives , and similar products, for general storage and transfer of data.The NOR type, which allows true random access and therefore direct code execution, is used as a replacement for the older EPROM and as an alternative to certain kinds of ROM applications, whereas NOR flash memory may emulate ROM primarily at the machine code level; many digital designs need ROM (or PLA ) structures for other uses, often at significantly higher speeds than (economical) flash memory may achieve. NAND or NOR flash memory is also often used to store configuration data in numerous digital products, a task previously made possible by EEPROMs or battery-powered static RAM.
Example applications of both types of flash memory include personal computers, PDAs , digital audio players, digital cameras , mobile phones, synthesizers, video games, scientific instrumentation , industrial robotics , medical electronics , and so on.In addition to being non-volatile, flash memory offers fast read access times , as fast as dynamic RAM , although not as fast as static RAM or ROM.Its mechanical shock resistance helps explain its popularity over hard disks in portable devices, as does its high durability, being able to withstand high pressure, temperature, immersion in water, etc.
Flood
Flood (อุทกภัย)
The word "flood" comes from the Old Englishflod, a word common to Germanic languages (compare GermanFlut, Dutchvloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latinfluctus, flumen). Deluge myths are mythical stories of a great flood sent by a deity or deities to destroy civilization as an act of divine retribution, and they are featured in the mythology of many cultures.
Primary effects
The primary effects of flooding include loss of life, damage to buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.Infrastructure damage also frequently damages power transmission and sometimes power generation , which then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power.This includes loss of drinking water treatment and water supply, which may result in loss of drinking water or severe water contamination.It may also cause the loss of sewage disposal facilities.Lack of clean water combined with human sewage in the flood waters raises the risk of waterborne diseases , which can include typhoid , giardia , cryptosporidium , cholera and many other diseases depending upon the location of the flood.
Damage to roads and transport infrastructure may make it difficult to mobilise aid to those affected or to provide emergency health treatment.Flood waters typically inundate farm land, making the land unworkable and preventing crops from being planted or harvested, which can lead to shortages of food both for humans and farm animals.Entire harvests for a country can be lost in extreme flood circumstances.Some tree species may not survive prolonged flooding of their root systems
Secondary and long-term effects
Economic hardship due to a temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, or food shortages leading to price increases is a common after-effect of severe flooding.The impact on those affected may cause psychological damage to those affected, in particular where deaths, serious injuries and loss of property occur.
Benefits of flood
Floods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can also bring many benefits, such as recharging ground water , making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in some soils.Flood waters provide much needed water resources in arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation can be very unevenly distributed throughout the year.Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in maintaining ecosystems in river corridors and are a key factor in maintaining floodplain biodiversity.Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead to increased biomass and improved fisheries for a few years.For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly suitable location for spawning with few predators and enhanced levels of nutrients or food. Fish, such as the weather fish , make use of floods in order to reach new habitats.Bird populations may also profit from the boost in food production caused by flooding. Periodic flooding was essential to the well-being of ancient communities along the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers, the Nile River, the Indus River , the Ganges and the Yellow River among others.The viability of hydropower , a renewable source of energy, is also higher in flood prone regions.
วันเสาร์ที่ 10 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2556
Chang and Eng Bunker (แฝดสยามอิน-จัน)
Chan and Eng Bunker (อิน-จัน)
Memorial
Bibliography : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_and_Eng_Bunker
Chan (Chinese: 昌; pinyin: Chāng; Thai: จัน, Jan, RTGS: Chan) and Eng (Chinese: 恩; pinyin: Ēn; Thai: อินIn) Bunker (May 11, 1811 – January 17, 1874) were conjoined twin brothers whose condition and birthplace became the basis for the term "Siamese twins".
Life
The Bunker brothers were born on May 11, 1811 in Siam (now Thailand ), in the province of Samutsongkram , to a fisherman and his wife (Nok or [Nak]; Thai : นาก ). Because of their Chinese heritage (as they were born from a Thai Chinese father and a Chinese - Malay mother), they were known as the "Chinese Twins" in Siam. They were joined at the sternum by a small piece of cartilage.Their livers were fused but independently complete.Although 19th century medicine did not have the means to do so, modern surgical techniques would have allowed them to be separated.In 1829, British merchant Robert Hunter "discovered" them and paid their family to let them be exhibited as a curiosity during a world tour.In 1839, while visiting Wilkesboro , North Carolina , the twins were attracted to the area and settled on a 110-acre (0.45 km 2 ) farm in nearby Traphill , becoming naturalized United States citizens.Determined to start living a normal life as much as possible, the brothers settled on a plantation , bought slaves ,and adopted the name "Bunker". On April 13, 1843, they married two sisters: Chang to Adelaide Yates and Eng to Sarah Anne Yates.This made their respective children double first cousins .In addition, because Chang and Eng were identical twins, their children were genetically equivalent to half-siblings.Their Traphill home is where they shared a bed built for four.Chang and his wife had 10 children; Eng and his wife had 11.In time, the wives squabbled and eventually two separate households were set up just west of Mount Airy, North Carolina in the community of White Plains – the twins would alternate spending three days at each home.During the American Civil War Chang's son Christopher and Eng's son Stephen both fought for the Confederacy.Chan and Eng lost part of their property as a result of the war, and were very bitter in their denunciation of the government in consequence.After the war, they again resorted to public exhibitions, but were not very successful.They always maintained a high character for integrity and fair dealing, and were much esteemed by their neighbors.The twins died on the same day in January 1874.They always maintained a high character for integrity and fair dealing, and were much esteemed by their neighbors.The twins died on the same day in January 1874.According to the Travel Channel's "Mysteries at the Museum", Chang suffered a stroke the night that he died.Eng awoke to find his brother dead, and called for his wife and children to attend to him.A doctor was summoned to perform an emergency separation, but he was too late.Eng's widow died on April 29, 1892 and Chang's widow died on May 21, 1917.
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| In - chan and children of the couple. |
The fused liver of the Bunker brothers was preserved and is currently on display at the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Numerous artifacts of the twins, including some of their personal artifacts and their travel ledger, are displayed in the North Carolina Collection Gallery in Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; this includes the original watercolor portrait of Chan and Eng from 1836.
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| Grave of Eng and Chang Bunker near Mt. Airy, North Carolina |
Bibliography : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_and_Eng_Bunker
วันศุกร์ที่ 9 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2556
Earthquake
Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake , tremor or temblor ) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter scale.These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity.Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth.The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude.The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of October 2012), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began.Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.
Naturally occurring earthquakes
Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. The sides of a fault move past each other smoothly and aseismically only if there are no irregularities or asperities along the fault surface that increase the frictional resistance. Most fault surfaces do have such asperities and this leads to a form of stick-slip behaviour. Once the fault has locked, continued relative motion between the plates leads to increasing stress and therefore, stored strain energy in the volume around the fault surface. This continues until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity, suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves , frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake.This process of gradual build-up of strain and stress punctuated by occasional sudden earthquake failure is referred to as the elastic-rebound theory .It is estimated that only 10 percent or less of an earthquake's total energy is radiated as seismic energy.Most of the earthquake's energy is used to power the earthquake fracture growth or is converted into heat generated by friction.Therefore, earthquakes lower the Earth's available elastic potential energy and raise its temperature, though these changes are negligible compared to the conductive and convective flow of heat out from the Earth's deep interior.
Induced seismicity
While most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth's tectonic plates , human activity can also produce earthquakes.Four main activities contribute to this phenomenon: storing large amounts of water behind a dam (and possibly building an extremely heavy building ), drilling and injecting liquid into wells , and by coal mining and oil drilling. Perhaps the best known example is the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China's Sichuan Province in May; this tremor resulted in 69,227 fatalities and is the 19th deadliest earthquake of all time.The Zipingpu Dam is believed to have fluctuated the pressure of the fault 1,650 feet (503 m) away; this pressure probably increased the power of the earthquake and accelerated the rate of movement for the fault.The greatest earthquake in Australia's history is also claimed to be induced by humanity, through coal mining. The city of Newcastle was built over a large sector of coal mining areas.The earthquake has been reported to be spawned from a fault that reactivated due to the millions of tonnes of rock removed in the mining process.
Effects of earthquakes
Shaking and ground rupture
Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures.The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude , the distance from the epicenter , and the local geological and geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation.The ground-shaking is measured by ground acceleration.Ground rupture is a visible breaking and displacement of the Earth's surface along the trace of the fault, which may be of the order of several metres in the case of major earthquakes.Ground rupture is a major risk for large engineering structures such as dams , bridges and nuclear power stations and requires careful mapping of existing faults to identify any which are likely to break the ground surface within the life of the structure.
Landslides and avalanches
Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard.Landslide danger may persist while emergency personnel are attempting rescue.
Fires
Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines.In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started.For example, more deaths in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake were caused by fire than by the earthquake itself.
Human impacts
An earthquake may cause injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage, general property damage (which may or may not be covered by earthquake insurance ), and collapse or destabilization (potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings.The aftermath may bring disease , lack of basic necessities, and higher insurance premiums.
An earthquake (also known as a quake , tremor or temblor ) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter scale.These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity.Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth.The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude.The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of October 2012), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began.Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.
Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. The sides of a fault move past each other smoothly and aseismically only if there are no irregularities or asperities along the fault surface that increase the frictional resistance. Most fault surfaces do have such asperities and this leads to a form of stick-slip behaviour. Once the fault has locked, continued relative motion between the plates leads to increasing stress and therefore, stored strain energy in the volume around the fault surface. This continues until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity, suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves , frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake.This process of gradual build-up of strain and stress punctuated by occasional sudden earthquake failure is referred to as the elastic-rebound theory .It is estimated that only 10 percent or less of an earthquake's total energy is radiated as seismic energy.Most of the earthquake's energy is used to power the earthquake fracture growth or is converted into heat generated by friction.Therefore, earthquakes lower the Earth's available elastic potential energy and raise its temperature, though these changes are negligible compared to the conductive and convective flow of heat out from the Earth's deep interior.
Induced seismicity
While most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth's tectonic plates , human activity can also produce earthquakes.Four main activities contribute to this phenomenon: storing large amounts of water behind a dam (and possibly building an extremely heavy building ), drilling and injecting liquid into wells , and by coal mining and oil drilling. Perhaps the best known example is the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China's Sichuan Province in May; this tremor resulted in 69,227 fatalities and is the 19th deadliest earthquake of all time.The Zipingpu Dam is believed to have fluctuated the pressure of the fault 1,650 feet (503 m) away; this pressure probably increased the power of the earthquake and accelerated the rate of movement for the fault.The greatest earthquake in Australia's history is also claimed to be induced by humanity, through coal mining. The city of Newcastle was built over a large sector of coal mining areas.The earthquake has been reported to be spawned from a fault that reactivated due to the millions of tonnes of rock removed in the mining process.
Effects of earthquakes
Shaking and ground rupture
Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures.The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude , the distance from the epicenter , and the local geological and geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation.The ground-shaking is measured by ground acceleration.Ground rupture is a visible breaking and displacement of the Earth's surface along the trace of the fault, which may be of the order of several metres in the case of major earthquakes.Ground rupture is a major risk for large engineering structures such as dams , bridges and nuclear power stations and requires careful mapping of existing faults to identify any which are likely to break the ground surface within the life of the structure.
Landslides and avalanches
Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard.Landslide danger may persist while emergency personnel are attempting rescue.
Fires
Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines.In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started.For example, more deaths in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake were caused by fire than by the earthquake itself.
Soil liquefaction
Soil liquefaction occurs when, because of the shaking, water-saturated granular material (such as sand) temporarily loses its strength and transforms from a solid to a liquid. Soil liquefaction may cause rigid structures, like buildings and bridges, to tilt or sink into the liquefied deposits. For example, in the 1964 Alaska earthquake, soil liquefaction caused many buildings to sink into the ground, eventually collapsing upon themselves.
Tsunami
Tsunamis are long-wavelength, long-period sea waves produced by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water.In the open ocean the distance between wave crests can surpass 100 kilometers (62 mi), and the wave periods can vary from five minutes to one hour.Such tsunamis travel 600-800 kilometers per hour (373–497 miles per hour), depending on water depth.Large waves produced by an earthquake or a submarine landslide can overrun nearby coastal areas in a matter of minutes.Tsunamis can also travel thousands of kilometers across open ocean and wreak destruction on far shores hours after the earthquake that generated them.
An earthquake may cause injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage, general property damage (which may or may not be covered by earthquake insurance ), and collapse or destabilization (potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings.The aftermath may bring disease , lack of basic necessities, and higher insurance premiums.
Bibliography : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
วันจันทร์ที่ 22 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2556
Data center of facebook
Data center of facebook
The milestone is a result of Facebook's two-year-old Open Compute Project, in which the company created its own specifications for servers and shared them with the world for anyone to use.Instead of buying servers directly from the likes of HP and Dell, Facebook creates more efficient designs that strip out extraneous hardware and software and then pays original design manufacturers to build them.As we reported in February , the data center in Sweden was set to become Facebook's first containing only Open Compute servers.
"As our systems come online for the first time, we are proud to say that this is likely to be one of the most efficient and sustainable data centers in the world," Facebook wrote in its announcement, stating that the data center is now handling live traffic from users around the world."All the equipment inside is powered by locally generated hydro-electric energy. Not only is it 100 percent renewable, but the supply is also so reliable that we have been able to reduce the number of backup generators required at the site by more than 70 percent. In addition to harnessing the power of water, we are using the chilly Nordic air to cool the thousands of servers that store your photos, videos, comments, and Likes. Any excess heat that is produced is used to keep our office warm."
"Nearly all the technology in the facility, from the servers to the power distribution systems, is based on Open Compute Project designs," Facebook continued."This Facebook-founded initiative encourages the development of 'vanity-free' hardware designs that are highly efficient and leave out unnecessary bits of metal and plastic."
The data center has an impressive PUE rating (power usage effectiveness) of 1.07.This means the building consumes 1.07 watts of power for each watt needed by computing equipment.Facebook has been posting near-real-time PUE data for its US data centers and plans to do the same for the Sweden
In addition to server designs, the Open Compute Project has created and released designs for server racks, storage systems, motherboards, and interconnects.Last month, Facebook announced that its next goal is to release a design for a top-of-rack switch that can run any type of networking software .This could help give businesses alternatives to Cisco and the other leading network vendors.
Inside the headquarters of Facebook.
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A number of Facebook employees came from different countries. To mobilize to help translate the site for over 70 languages.
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Data center of Google
Data center of Google
Efficiency
Our data centers use 50% less energy than the typical data center.We raise the temperature to 80°F, use outside air for cooling, and build custom servers.
Inside data centers
Environmental, health, and safety
Certifying our high standards:
Google is the first major internet services company to gain external certification of our high environmental and workplace safety standards throughout our US and European data centers. More specifically, all of our US and European data centers have received voluntary ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certifications. Additionally, we’re the first company in the United States to obtain multi-site ISO 50001 Energy Management System certification, covering 6 US data centers.
Our environmental, health, and safety policy:
Google owned and operated data centers will lead the industry in environmental protection, pollution prevention, health, and safety. We will take a proactive approach in our activities and aim to continually improve data center environmental, health, and safety (EHS) performance. We will comply with applicable EHS legal requirements, and as appropriate for other EHS matters, we will implement voluntary standards or best management practices.
Data center locations
We own and operate data centers around the world to keep our products running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Find out more about our data center locations, community involvement, and job opportunities in our locations around the world.
Americas
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