A home network or home area network ( HAN ) is a residential local area network (LAN) for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing devices.An important function is the sharing of Internet access , often a broadband service provisioned by fiber-to-the-home or via Cable Internet access , Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or mobile broadband by Internet service providers (ISPs).If an ISP only provides one IP address, a router including network address translation (NAT), proxy server software and typically a network firewall , allows several computers to share the external IP address.The router function may be assumed by a PC with several network interfaces, but a dedicated router device is more common, often including a wireless accesspoint , providing WiFi access.
Home network
A home group is a feature that allows shared disk access, shared printer access and shared scanner access among all computers and users (typically all family members) in a home, in a similar fashion as in a small office workgroup, e.g., by means of distributed peer-to-peer networking (without a central server). Additionally, a home server may be added for increased functionality.
A Windows HomeGroup is a new feature in Microsoft Windows 7 that simplifies file sharing. All users (typically all family members), except guest accounts, may access any shared library on any computer that is connected to the home group. Passwords are not required from the family members during logon. Instead, secure file sharing is possible by means of a temporary password that is used when adding a computer to the HomeGroup.
Physical transmission media
Wireless radio one of the most common ways of creating a home network is by using wireless radio signal technology; the 802.11 network as certified by the IEEE. Most products that are wireless-capable operate at a frequency of 2.4 GHz under 802.11b and 802.11g or 5 GHz under 802.11a.Some home networking devices operate in both radio-band signals and fall within the standard 802.11n.A wireless network can be used for communication between many electronic devices, to connect to the Internet or to wired networks that use Ethernet technology. Wi-Fi is a marketing and compliance certification for IEEE 802.11 technologies.The WiFi Alliance has tested compliant products certifies them for interoperability.
Existing home wiring As an alternative to wireless networking, the existing home wiring (coax in North America, telephone wiring in multi dwelling units (MDU) and power-line in Europe and USA) can be used as a network medium. With the installation of a home networking device, the network can be accessed by simply plugging the Computer into a wall socket.
Power lines The ITU-T G.hn and IEEE Powerline standard, which provide high-speed (up to 1 Gbit/s) local area networking over existing home wiring, are examples of home networking technology designed specifically for IPTV delivery. Recently, the IEEE passed proposal P1901 which grounded a standard within the Market for wireline products produced and sold by companies that are part of theHomePlug Alliance.The IEEE is continuously working to push for P1901 to be completely recognized worldwide as the sole standard for all future products that are produced for Home Networking.
Telephone wires: HomePNA, VDSL, VDSL2
Coaxial cables: DOCSIS, Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA), and CWave carry data over coaxial cables, which are frequently installed to support multiple television sets throughout homes.
Network Devices
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| An example of a simple home network |
A home network may consist of the following components:
Infrastructure devices
- A modem for connection to an Internet access service (either a DSL modem using the phone line, or cable modem using the cable internet connection).
- A residential gateway (sometimes called a broadband router) connected between the broadband modem and the rest of the network. This enables multiple devices to connect to the internet simultaneously. Residential gateways, hubs/switches, DSL modems, and wireless access points are often combined.
- A wireless access point, usually implemented as a feature rather than a separate box, for connecting wireless devices
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